Why muscle matters

Muscle loss, or sarcopenia, is common during cancer treatment and can start before diagnosis. It's often missed and can lead to tiredness, complications during surgery, less effective treatment, quicker cancer spread, and poor life quality and survival rates. Over half of cancer patients have low muscle mass, versus 15% of healthy same-age individuals. This issue isn't limited to those who are thin; many with normal weight or BMI also struggle with it. However, eating well and exercising can help maintain and regain muscle strength.

Understanding Muscle Changes During Treatment

Undergoing treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery may lead to muscle deterioration. These treatments commonly result in tiredness, reduced appetite, and decreased movement, all of which contribute to further muscle loss. This process can make daily activities more challenging, weaken your defences against illness, and delay your path to getting better. However, there is a helpful strategy: A nutritious diet can bolster muscle rebuilding and enhance your recovery strength

Why You Need More Protein

Protein is essential for:

• ·         Muscle repair and upkeep

• ·         Immune support

• ·         Healing your body

When you're undergoing treatment, your protein requirements increase.

How much is enough?

People with cancer should consume 1.0-2.0 grams of protein for every kilogram they weigh daily, following guidelines from ESPEN and ESMO. Therefore, it's clear that a higher protein intake is both advantageous and safe for individuals with cancer. Here's what that means in practical terms: A person weighing 70 kg (or 154 lbs) should aim for 84 to 140 grams of protein each day. Encouragingly, research indicates that despite nutritional hurdles during cancer treatment, patients can actually build muscle by consuming protein at the upper recommendation limit, starting at 1.4 grams per kilogram daily. For best results, incorporate protein into all meals and snacks consistently throughout the day, including a protein-rich bedtime snack.

Hydration: Your Body's Booster

Proper hydration keeps your muscles functioning, aids digestion, and fights off tiredness. Drink 1.5 to 2 litres of liquids daily. Choose from water, herbal teas, broth, or milk—pick what you prefer.

Carbs: Fuel for your body

Carbs power your movements, healing, and overall function. Opt for nourishing, fibre-packed whole-food carbs. However, if treatments or medications cause digestion problems like diarrhoea, get tailored guidance.

Healthy Fats Aid Joints & Reduce Inflammation

Certain fats can improve joint health, balance hormones, lessen inflammation, and maintain muscle wellness. Opt for fats from plants and fish oils.

In Summary

Daily diet tweaks can be impactful for those with cancer, especially with increased protein intake. Minor, steady changes help preserve muscle, boost strength, and enhance wellbeing.

Want More Support?

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References:

Arends et al. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition, 2017; 36(1): 11 – 48

Ford et al. Feasibility of two levels of protein intake in patients with colorectal cancer: Findings from the Protein Recommendation to Increase Muscle (PRIMe) randomized controlled pilot trial. ESMO Open, 2024, 9(7): 1-12

Prado CM, et al. Nutrition interventions to treat low muscle mass in cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2020; 11(2):366-380.